Uma sikhuluma ngemboni yezimoto yaseJalimane, izinto zokuqala ezifika emqondweni ukusebenza kokushayela kwe-BMW, ukunethezeka kweMercedes-Benz, nokuqina kweVolkswagen. Nokho, bambalwa abantu abanaka "amaqhawe angemuva kwesiteji" asekela lezi zimfanelo - zezintambo zezimoto. Uma injini "iyinhliziyo" yemoto, izintambo zezimoto "ziyizitsha" kanye "nemizwa" emzimbeni wonke. Futhi olayini bezimoto abajwayelekile baseJalimane (imigqa ejwayelekile yaseJalimane), ngomqondo wobuchwepheshe ocishe ube "obsessive", abe "uhlobo lwemali oluqinile" abakhiqizi bezimoto bomhlaba abaqhudelana ukulusebenzisa. Namuhla, ake sembule izimfihlo zayo zekhwalithi.
1.Ngaphandle kokuthi "Amazinga Omhlangano" : Izinga lesiJalimane lizichaza kanjani izimfanelo "Ngaphandle Kwekharikhulamu"?
Emkhakheni wokukhiqiza izimboni, "izindinganiso" ngokuvamile ziyisisekelo. Kodwa-ke, ingqondo ye-German Standard Automotive Line iwukuguqula amazinga abe "osilingi". Lo mehluko emibonweni ungaboniswa ngokucacile ngezinqumo zawo ezikhombi eziyinhloko.
Ngokwesibonelo, thatha umqhubi wesifundo. Izinga lamazwe ngamazwe lidinga ukuhlanzeka kwethusi elisetshenziswa ezintanjeni zezimoto ukuthi libe ngu-99.9%, kuyilapho izinga laseJalimane lilikhuphula ngokuqondile libe ngu-99.95%{3}}lokuhlanzeka okuphezulu kwe-electrolytic copper. Ungakubukeli phansi lokhu kwenyuka ngo-0.05%. Ingakwazi ukwandisa ukuqhutshwa kocingo ngo-3% futhi inciphise ukumelana ngo-5%. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwamandla, kodwa futhi kwehlisa ingozi yomlilo obangelwa ukushisa ngokweqile. Okubaluleke nakakhulu, izinga lesiJalimane lidinga nokuthi amakhondakta asebenzise "inqwaba + yokusonta kabili"{12}}inqubo yokusonta yesendlalelo. Le nqubo ingakhuphula ukuguquguquka kocingo ngo-40%. Ezingxenyeni ze-chassis yemoto ezingaphansi kokudlidliza okuvamile, impilo yesevisi inwetshwa ngokuphindwe kabili uma kuqhathaniswa nezintambo ezijwayelekile.
Idizayini yesendlalelo se-insulation iphinde ibonise "ukucabanga okucwengisisiwe" kwezinga lesiJalimane. Ngokomehluko wezemvelo ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zemoto, indinganiso yaseJalimane ihlukanise izinhlobo ezingu-12 zamafomula wezinto zokufakelwa: ungqimba lwe-silicone lokufakwa kwenjoloba endaweni yenjini, olungamelana nezinga lokushisa elisheshayo ngesikhathi sokuqalisa injini; impahla ye-PVC yendawo yomnyango, engaqhekeki ngisho nangemva kwezikhathi eziyi-100,000 zokuvula nokuvala izivivinyo zokugoba; i-flame-retardant cross-exhunywe okokusebenza kwe-polyethylene eduze kwethangi likaphethiloli, engazicisha phakathi kwamasekhondi angu-3 lapho ichayeke emlilweni. Le "formula eyodwa yengxenye eyodwa" indinganiso eyenziwe ngendlela oyifisayo idlula kude izimfuneko zezindinganiso "ezijwayelekile{8}}zenjongo" yamazwe amaningi.
2.Kusuka Elabhorethri kuya Emgwaqeni: "Ukuhlolwa Okudlulele" Kwezintambo Zezimoto Ezijwayelekile ZaseJalimane
Ukucophelela konjiniyela baseJalimane kubonakala ngokusobala ohlelweni lokuhlola ulayini wezimoto. Bakholelwa ukuthi "umugqa wezimoto ofanelekayo kufanele ukwazi ukumelana nazo zonke izimo ezimbi kakhulu kuwo wonke umjikelezo wempilo yemoto." Ngalesi sizathu, i-Debiao isungule uhlelo lokuhlola olukabili oluhlanganisa "izindawo eziyingozi kakhulu + izimo zokusebenza ezeqisayo", futhi izinto eziningi zokuhlola zibizwa ngisho nayimboni ngokuthi "ukuhlola izinga elingavamile".
Egunjini lokuhlola imvelo, izintambo zezimoto zingaphansi komthelela we-cyclic "-40℃kubanda kakhulu → izinga lokushisa eliphakeme elingu-80℃→95% umswakama ophezulu", nemijikelezo engu-10 ngosuku izinsuku ezingu-30 zilandelana. Isendlalelo se-insulation akufanele sibonise noma yikuphi ukuqhekeka noma ukugoqa. Ekuhlolweni kokukhathala kwemishini, izintambo zigxilwa ebhentshini lokuhlola elilingisa ukudlidliza kwe-chassis futhi zidlidliza ngemvamisa yezikhathi ezingama-300 ngomzuzu. Ngemuva kwamahora angu-500 wokuhlolwa okuqhubekayo, izinga lokuphuka kwama-conductor akufanele lidlule i-0.1%. Ukuhlola okuqinile "i-chemical corrosion test". Uketshezi lokuhlola lusebenzisa ngokuqondile ingxube kawoyela wenjini evame ukusetshenziswa, uketshezi lwamabhuleki kanye ne-antifreeze ezimotweni. Ngemuva kokuthi izintambo zicwiliswe kuwo amahora angu-1,000, ukwehla kokumelana nokufakwa kwe-insulation akufanele kudlule i-10%.
Ukusabela ekukhuphukeni kwezimoto zamandla amasha, izinga laseJalimane lengeze ngokukhethekile "ukuhlola{0}}okuphezulu kwe-voltage pulse test". Kumahhanisi {{2}anamandla kagesi aphezulu, kumele amelane 10 10nokuphakama kwe-kV{4}}imithelela ye-voltage pulse phakathi nomzuzu owodwa, futhi isendlalelo se-insulation akufanele sibhobhozwe. Leli zinga lokuhlola liqondisa ngokuqondile izindawo zobuhlungu zokuphepha-eziphezulu ze-voltage zezimoto ezintsha zamandla futhi lenze amahhanisi ezintambo zezintambo ezisezingeni eliphezulu zaseJalimane{7}ezinamandla kagesi abe yinketho ebalulekile kubakhiqizi bezimoto ezintsha zamandla njenge-Tesla ne-BYD.
3.I-"choice logic" ye-Global automakers: Kungani Kufanele Kusetshenziswe Amazinga aseJalimane?
Namuhla
Akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi izinhlobo zezimoto zasekhaya zaseJalimane ezifana neVolkswagen, BMW kanye neMercedes-i-Benz inikeza izimoto zelebula yaseJalimane njengempahla evamile, kodwa futhi abakhiqizi bezimoto emhlabeni wonke njengeToyota, Ford kanye neHyundai basebenzise imikhiqizo yelebula yesiJalimane kumamodeli abo-aphezulu. Ngemuva kwalokhu ukucabangela kwabakhiqizi bezimoto "izindleko zomjikelezo wempilo egcwele".
Isibonisi sedatha
Imodeli esebenzisa izintambo zezimoto ezijwayelekile zaseJalimane inezinga lokuhluleka kwesistimu kagesi elingaphansi ngo-60% kunalelo lamamodeli asebenzisa izintambo ezijwayelekile. Embonini yezimoto, izindleko ezimaphakathi zokulungiswa kokuthengisa{2}}kokwehluleka kwesistimu kagesi eyodwa kungu-2,000 yuan, futhi ngokwesilinganiso, ukwehluleka kwesistimu kagesi kwenzeka izikhathi ezi-3 kuya kwezi-5 phakathi nomjikelezo wempilo yemoto. Kumkhiqizi wezimoto onomthamo wokuthengisa wonyaka wamayunithi ayisigidi esingu-1, ngokusebenzisa izintambo zezimoto ezijwayelekile zaseJalimane, angonga kufika kuma-yuan ayizigidi ezingamakhulu ambalwa ngezindleko zokuthengisa{9}zeposi minyaka yonke.
Ngaphezu kwakho konke
"Ukuhambisana" kwezindinganiso zaseJalimane kunikeze abenzi bezimoto kalula. Ukucaciswa kokusebenzelana nokumaka kwemibala yezintambo zezimoto ezijwayelekile zaseJalimane (njengezintambo eziwolintshi ezifanayo zezintambo eziphakeme-nomnyama wezintambo eziphansi) konke sekuphenduke izindinganiso ezivamile zomkhakha. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izintambo ezijwayelekile zaseJalimane ezikhiqizwa abahlinzeki abahlukene zingashintshwa ngokuthanda kwabo, futhi abakhiqizi bezimoto akudingeki batshale izindleko ezengeziwe ze-R&D ukuze bavumelane nemikhiqizo evela kubahlinzeki abahlukahlukene. Le nhlanganisela "yokumisa + ukuhambisana" yenze ulayini wezimoto ojwayelekile waseJalimane waba "ulimi lomhlaba wonke" ochungechungeni lokuhlinzekwa kwezimoto emhlabeni wonke.
4.Ikusasa lilapha: Amazinga aseJalimane Angavumelana Kanjani Nezidingo Ezintsha Zezimoto Ezihlakaniphile?
Ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokushayela okuhlakaniphile nokuxhumana kwezimoto, indima yolayini bezimoto iyashintsha isuka kokuthi "amasignali" iye "kuzindawo zokudluliswa kwedatha". Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo samashumi amagigabhayithi okudluliselwa kwedatha yezimoto ngomzuzwana, izindinganiso zaseJalimane ziye zahola ekuqaliseni ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwesizukulwane esisha samazinga olayini bezimoto.
Okwamanje, i-DIN (German Institute for Standardization) ikhiphe uhlaka lwendinganiso ye-DIN/TS 70113, ephakamisa isisombululo sesakhiwo esiyinhlanganisela "yezintambo + i-fiber optic" sezidingo{2}}eziphakeme zokudluliswa kwedatha yezimoto ezihlakaniphile. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwezintambo akukwazi ukudlulisa amasiginali wamandla endabuko kuphela kodwa futhi kufinyelela{4}}ukudluliselwa kwedatha yesivinini esiphezulu se-Ethernet yemoto ngokusebenzisa{5}}i-fiber optic eyakhelwe ngaphakathi, enezinga lokudlulisela elifika ku-10 Gbps, elihlangabezana nezimfuneko zokudlulisa idatha yenzwa yezinga L4{9}}lokushayela okuhlakaniphile. Ngasikhathi sinye, indinganiso entsha ingeza nesidingo "sokuvikela i-electromagnetic", nge-double-layer aluminium foil + net net shielding structure, izinga lokuncipha kokuphazanyiswa kukagesi likhuphukela ku-99.9%, kugwenywa ukuphazanyiswa kwedatha yimishini efana nezinjini namarada.
Kusukela ezimotweni zikaphethiloli ezijwayelekile kuye ezimotweni ezisebenza ngamandla amasha, kusukela ekushayeleni okuvamile kuya ekushayeleni okuhlakaniphile, ulayini wezimoto waseJalimane ubulokhu uhola indlela yezobuchwepheshe embonini. Impumelelo yayo ayigcini nje ngokuphishekela ikhwalithi ephezulu, kodwa futhi nasekubikezeleni okunembile kwezitayela zemboni. Mhlawumbe lokhu ukuncintisana kwangempela okuwumongo "kwe-German Manufacturing" - okungathobeli izindinganiso ngokuqinile, kodwa ehlala echaza izindinganiso ezintsha.
