Uma sikhuluma ngezimoto zaseJapan, amalebula afana nokuwonga kukaphethiloli, ukwethembeka kanye nokusetshenziswa kwendawo ephezulu ahlala efika engqondweni. Kodwa bambalwa abantu abaye baqaphela ukuthi "iqhawe elingaqashiwe" ngemuva kwalezi zinzuzo yilonaI-Nippon Standard Automotive Wire. "Njengesikhungo senzwa" yesistimu kagesi yezimoto, ifana nemithambo yegazi emihle, exhuma zonke izingxenye zikagesi njengenjini, iphaneli yezinsimbi, namalambu angaphambili. Namuhla, ake siphakamise iveli emfihlakalweni yolayini wezimoto ojwayelekile waseJapan futhi sibone ukuthi yini eyenza ube itshe legumbi elibalulekile lekhwalithi yezimoto zaseJapan.
1.Iyini izintambo ezijwayelekile zaseJapan zezimoto?
I-"Japanese Automobile Wire", njengoba igama liphakamisa, ulayini wokukhiqiza wezimoto olandela ukucaciswa kobuchwepheshe okubekwe yi-Japan Automobile Standards Organisation (JASO). Amazinga ayisisekelo ahlanganisa i-JASO D608, D609, D611, njll. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kufanele futhi ithobelane nezicaciso ezisekelayo ezikhishwe yi-Japan Industrial Standards Committee (JISC), njenge-160 Lawa mazinga we-JIS9{3}40 16{3} zakhiwe ngokunganaki; kunalokho, ziwumphumela wokwenza ngcono okuqhubekayo kwekhulu leminyaka lomkhakha wezimoto wase-Japan ngokusekelwe esimweni sezulu sendawo, izici zemoto, nezidingo zabasebenzisi.
Uma kuqhathaniswa neIzinga lesiShayina, Izinga lesiJalimanefuthiIzinga laseMelika, isici esihluke kakhulu sesistimu evamile yaseJapane "ukuzivumelanisa okunembile". EJapane, izinga lokushisa lasehlobo liphezulu futhi umswakama uphezulu, kuyilapho imigwaqo yasemadolobheni imincane. Lokhu kudinga ukuthi izintambo zezimoto zingagcini nje ngokumelana nezimo ezibucayi kodwa futhi zihlangabezane nezidingo zezintambo zezimoto ezihlangene. Ukusuka ekukhethweni kwezinto ezingavuthiwe, izinqubo zokukhiqiza kuye ekuhlolweni kwekhwalithi, izinga laseJapan lisungule ukucaciswa kwenqubo ephelele. Isibonelo, kudinga ngokusobala ukuthi amalebula ekhebula akhombise ngokucacile umkhiqizi, imininingwane kanye namamodeli, aqinisekise ukunethezeka kokufakwa nokunakekelwa. Lolu hlelo oluqinile olujwayelekile lungamandla ayisisekelo okuthembeka kwezintambo zezimoto zaseJapan.
2.Izinzuzo ezine ezibalulekile: Ukuqonda "ukuphakama" kohlu lwezimoto eziqondiwe
Uma izinga liwuhlaka, izinzuzo zobuchwepheshe eziyingqayizivele ziyinyama negazi le-Target Automotive Wire. Ngokuqhathanisa izintambo ezijwayelekile ezivela ezifundeni ezihlukene, izinzuzo zayo zigxile ezicini ezine, ngayinye ifanelana ngokunembile nezidingo eziyinhloko zezimo zokusetshenziswa kwezimoto.
Izimoto zaseJapan ikakhulukazi zinamamodeli ahlangene, anezinto eziningi zikagesi ngaphakathi kanye nesikhala sezintambo esilinganiselwe kakhulu. Izimoto zakwaNissan zenze kahle kakhulu inqubo yokusonta i-conductor kanye nesendlalelo sezinto zokwakha ukuze zithole ukuguquguquka okukhulu kunemikhiqizo eminingi efanayo. Ngokwesibonelo, amamodeli ezivamile ezifanaI-AVSSfuthiI-AVSsebenzisa-izintambo zethusi zemicu emincane kanye nemiklamo emincane-efakwa ezindongeni, evumela izintambo eziguquguqukayo ngisho nangaphansi kwerediya egobayo encane kakhulu. Lokhu akugwemi nje kuphela ubungozi bokulimala ngesikhathi sokufakwa kodwa futhi kukhulula isikhala esengeziwe sokwenza kahle kwangaphakathi. Le nzuzo ibonakala ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziyinkimbinkimbi zezintambo ezifana namadeshibhodi neminyango, okwenza kube "umsindisi ezindaweni ezincane".
EJapane, izinga lokushisa livame ukudlula ama-degree angu-35 ehlobo, futhi ngemva kokuba izimoto zivezwe elangeni, izinga lokushisa le-cabin lingafinyelela ngaphezu kwama-degree angu-80. Lokhu kubangela izidingo eziqinile zokumelana nokushisa kwezintambo zezimoto. Izintambo zezimoto ze-JTS zigcina izinga lokushisa lokusebenza elizinzile elingu--40℃kuya ku-125℃. Amanye amamodeli asezingeni eliphezulu, njengeI-AEXuchungechunge, sebenzisa{0}}izinto zokuhlanganisa ze-polyethylene ezixhumene, ezineleveli yokumelana nokushisa efika ku-120℃. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kusebusika obunzima obusenyakatho noma ehlobo elishisayo eningizimu, ingagcina ukusebenza kukagesi okuzinzile futhi ngeke ibe nezinkinga ezifana nokuguga kongqimba lwe-insulation noma ukuqhekeka ngenxa yoshintsho olunamandla lokushisa. Lokhu kuvumelana nezimo kwemvelo kuqine kakhulu kuyisiqinisekiso esibalulekile sokuthembeka kwezimoto zaseJapan.
Namuhla, njengoba ukonga uphethiloli uthola ukunakwa okwandayo, ukukhanya sekuphenduke inkomba ebalulekile yentuthuko embonini yezimoto. NakwaToyota sebevele benze amalungiselelo kusenesikhathi mayelana nalokhu. Isebenzisa ama-elastomers akhethekile we-thermoplastic (TPE) nezinye izinto zokufaka izinto ezingasindi ukuze kwehliswe kakhulu isisindo samakhebuli ngenkathi kuqinisekiswa ukusebenza. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umklamo omncane-wokufakwa kwezindonga awunciphisi nje kuphela ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo kodwa futhi unciphisa ububanzi bangaphandle bezintambo. Uma sithatha ikhebula elingu-0.5mm² njengesibonelo, ukujiya kokufakwa komkhiqizo we-Toyota kungu-0.3-0.4mm kuphela, okulula ngo-15% -20% kunezintambo ezivamile. Njengoba kuqoqwe izintambo ezingaphezu kwamakhulu amamitha kuyo yonke imoto, lokhu kunganciphisa isisindo semoto ngamakhilogremu amaningana, kuthuthukisa ngokungaqondile ukusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli.
Imithetho eqinile yezemvelo yaseJapan ingena kuzo zonke izici zokukhiqiza ezimbonini, futhi iNissan Automotive Wire iyafana. Kusukela ekuqaleni, izinto eziyingozi ezifana nomthofu nama-halogen zigwenywa ngokuphelele. Izinto zokushisisa ngokuvamile zisebenzisa i-polyvinyl chloride egaywa kabusha noma{2}}i-polyethylene exhunyiwe. Phakathi nenqubo yokukhiqiza, ifilosofi yokukhiqiza yaseJapane ethambile iyalandelwa, futhi inqubo ithuthukiswa ukuze kuncishiswe udoti wezinto ezibonakalayo. Lolu chungechunge oluphelele lwedizayini yokuvikela imvelo aluhambisani nje nenkambiso yomhlaba wonke yokukhiqiza okuluhlaza, kodwa futhi lenza iNissan automotive Wire ithandwe kakhulu ezimakethe ezifana ne-Europe ne-United States, lapho izidingo zokuvikela imvelo ziqinile.
3.Amamodeli Avamile Nezinhlelo Zokusebenza: "Imephu Esebenzayo" Yezintambo Ezijwayelekile Zezimoto ZaseJapane
Ulayini wezimoto ojwayelekile wase-Japan akuwona umkhiqizo owodwa kodwa ulayini womkhiqizo ophelele ohlanganisa uchungechunge oluningi, olunamamodeli ahlukene ahambisana nezimo zohlelo lokusebenza ezihlukene. Abamele kakhulu bahlanganisa i-AVS, AVSS, AEX nolunye uchungechunge, oluhlanganisa "inethiwekhi ye-neural" yesistimu kagesi yezimoto:
Isebenzisa ukujiya okujwayelekile kokufakwa, ifanele amasekhethi avamile-amandla kagesi aphansi njengokukhanya kwangaphakathi namasistimu omsindo. Iwukulungiselelwa okuyisisekelo kwezimoto zabagibeli zase-Japan futhi isibe enye yamamodeli asetshenziswa kakhulu ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okulinganiselwe kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko-.
Ummeleli ojwayelekile-wedizayini yokufakwa kwezindonga enezindonga ezacile, igqama ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwayo kanye nezinzuzo zayo ezingasindi. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ezindaweni ezinezintambo ezilinganiselwe njengamaphaneli wezinsimbi nokulawula iminyango, futhi ivame ukutholakala ezimotweni ezihlangene kanye nama-SUV amancane.
-imodeli yokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu{1}}. Izinto zokufaka{3}ezixhunywe nge-polyethylene eyisiphambano ziyenza ikwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa afika ku-120 degrees . Isetshenziswa kakhulu-ezindaweni zokushisa eziphakeme njengamakhompathimenti enjini futhi ifanele{7}}amamodeli enjini asebenza kahle njengezinjini ezine-turbocharged.
4.Isiphetho: Ugqozi Oluvela Kulayini Wezimoto Ojwayelekile wase-Japan - Imininingwane inquma ikhwalithi
Okubonakala sengathi ulayini wezimoto ojwayelekile empeleni uqukethe ubuhlakani obujulile ekwakhiweni kwezimboni. Impumelelo yolayini bezimoto zakwaToyota ilele kakhulu ekuqondeni kwabo okunembayo izidingo zabasebenzisi kanye nokuphishekela kwabo kokugcina kwezindinganiso zobuchwepheshe - okuthuthukisa ukuguquguquka kwezimoto ezihlangene, ukuqinisa ukumelana nokushisa{2}}kwezindawo zezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ukwehlisa isisindo sezidingo zokonga kukaphethiloli, kanye nokuthuthukisa izinto zokuthrenda kwemvelo.
Ezinsukwini zamanje, ngokuthuthukiswa kwezimoto ezintsha ezisebenza ngamandla, imigqa yezimoto yakwa Toyota nayo ithuthukela ekucindezelweni okuphezulu kanye nesisindo esincane, ihlanganisa ngokujulile nokukhiqiza okuhlakaniphile kanye nobuchwepheshe bobuhlakani bokwenziwa. Leli khono eliqhubekayo lokuvela lingase libe ukhiye wokuba khona kwayo-kwesikhathi eside emakethe yomhlaba. Ngokuzayo lapho sikhuluma ngekhwalithi yezimoto zaseJapane, kungani ungacabangi ngalesi "sikhungo sezinzwa" esifihlwe ekujuleni komzimba wemoto? Yikona kanye ukucolisiswa kwale mininingwane okudale idumela elinokwethenjelwa.
