Uma sikhuluma ngokusebenza kwemoto, sivame ukugxila emandleni enjini, kumasistimu okushayela ahlakaniphile noma ikhwalithi yangaphakathi, kodwa asivamile ukunaka lokho okufihlwe ngaphakathi emzimbeni wemoto, njengokuthi "amanethiwekhi e-neural" - izintambo zemoto. Baxhuma zonke izingxenye zikagesi zemoto, kusukela kumalambu, izinzwa kuya ezinhlelweni zamandla, zisekela buthule ukusebenza okuvamile kwayo yonke imoto. Futhi ngemuva kwale migqa yezimoto, iSAEizinga lifana "nomphathi wekhwalithi" oqinile, ochaza imingcele yayo yokusebenza nemikhawulo yokuphepha. Namuhla, ake sembule imfihlakalo yezintambo zemoto ezijwayelekile ze-SAE.
Liyini izinga le-SAE?
Okokuqala, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthiIzinga le-SAEisifinyezo se-"Society of Automotive Engineers" kune-automaker ethile noma umkhiqizo. I-SAE ithuthukise izindinganiso ezihlanganisa lonke uchungechunge lwenani lezimoto, okuhlanganisa ukuklama, ukukhiqiza, nokuhlola, futhi iyinhlangano enegunya eliphakeme lokumisa embonini yezimoto yomhlaba wonke. Phakathi kwalokhu, amazinga ahlobene nemigqa yezimoto asephenduke "umkhawulo wokungena" ovamile embonini.
Isizathu sokuthi kungani izintambo zezimoto kufanele zilandele izindinganiso ze-SAE ngokuyisisekelo kungenxa yobunkimbinkimbi besistimu kagesi yemoto kanye nendawo yokusebenza enokhahlo. Izintambo zezimoto ezenziwe abakhiqizi abahlukahlukene zingase zisebenze ngokungahambisani lapho kungabikho ukucaciswa okujwayelekile okukodwa, kusukela ekuhlulekeni okuncane kukagesi kuya ezehlakalweni ezinkulu njengamasekethe amafushane nemililo. Ngenxa yalokho, amazinga e-SAE asebenza "njengophawu" oluqinisekisa ukwethembeka kwezintambo zezimoto ezimweni ezinzima ezihlukahlukene.
Izinto zokuvikela: Izinhlobo ezintathu zezinto ezilungele izimo ezahlukahlukene
I-insulation layer "iwumugqa wokuqala wokuzivikela" obaluleke kakhulu wezintambo zezimoto. Ivikela i-conductive core yangaphakathi ezinhlotsheni ezihlukene zokulimala okungenzeka endaweni yokusebenza yemoto eyinkimbinkimbi, njengokuhuzuka komshini, ukugqwala kwamakhemikhali okuvela kuwoyela nokupholisa, ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa okudlulele, ukungena komswakama, nokuphazamiseka kukagesi. Izinga le-SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) liyindinganiso{2}eyaziwa kakhulu yokucaciswa kobunjiniyela bezimoto emhlabeni jikelele. Ibeke izincazelo ezicacile, eziqinile zezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zezinto zokufakelwa ezisetshenziswa ekufakweni kocingo lwezimoto. Uhlobo ngalunye lwenziwe ngezinto ezihlukene nezici zokusebenza, futhi zilungiswa ngokucophelela ukuze zivumelane nezingcindezi ezithile zemvelo kanye nezidingo zokusebenza zezindawo ezahlukene zemoto. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi izintambo zizosebenza ngokwethembeka futhi zihlale isikhathi eside ezimeni ezahlukahlukene:
1
Ukufakwa kwe-thermoplastic
Imelwe izinto ezifana ne-PVC, ihlanganisa izinhlobo ezintathu:I-GPT(-inhloso evamile), i-TWP (ezacile-ebiyelwe ngezindonga), kanyeI-HDT(umsebenzi-osindayo). Phakathi kwazo, uhlobo lwe-TWP, ngenxa yomklamo walo omncane{2}}olubiyelwe, lungonga kahle isikhala futhi lusetshenziswa kakhulu kumahhanisi ezintambo zomzimba. Uhlobo lwe-HDT luhlinzeka ngokuvikeleka komshini okuthuthukisiwe ngongqimba olushubile futhi lufanele izimo zokusebenza eziyinkimbinkimbi.
2
Ukufakwa-okuxhunyanisiwe kwe-pololefin
Izinto ze-Polyolefin ezithole-ukwelashwa kokuxhumanisa okuphambene (njenge-GXL, TXL, kanyeI-SXLizinhlobo) zithuthuke kakhulu ukumelana nokushisa futhi ziyinketho ekhethwayo-yezindawo zokushisa eziphezulu njengokuqhathanisa injini.
3
Ukufakwa kwe-thermosetting elastomers
Amakhebuli ohlobo lwe-HTS, aklanywe ngenjoloba yokwenziwa ephezulu-esebenza kakhulu njenge-core insulation ne-sheathing material, aziqhenya ngezici zemishini ezivelele ezihlanganisa ukuguquguquka okuphakeme nokungagugi okukhethekile, kanye nokuqina okumangazayo ngokumelene{1}}nokusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside. Lokhu kwakheka kwezinto eziyingqayizivele kuvumela ikhebula ukuthi ligcine ubuqotho besakhiwo nokusebenza kukagesi ngisho nangemva kokugoba okuphindaphindiwe, ukusonteka nokunyakaza, ngaphandle kokuqhekeka, ukuqina noma ukulahlekelwa izakhiwo zayo zokuvikela. Okwenza izintambo ze-HTS zigqame idizayini yazo eklanyelwe yezindawo zezintambo eziguquguqukayo ezinhlelweni zezimoto, okuzenza zibe yinketho ekahle nethembekile yezimo zezintambo ezidinga ukuguquguquka okuvamisile nokushintsha kwendawo{4}}ikakhulukazi kumamojula eminyango yemoto, lapho amahhanisi ezintambo ehlala engaphansi kokugotshwa okuphindaphindiwe njalo lapho umnyango uvulwa futhi uvaliwe, intambo yokufaka intambo evamile kodwa ivaliwe, intambo evamile ifaka intambo yokufaka izintambo ezilula futhi ivaliwe. ukuqina-zesikhathi eside.
Ungakhetha kanjani izintambo ezifanele zezimoto ze-SAE ezimeni ezahlukene?
Injini yangaphakathi
Njengenye yamazinga okushisa ashisa kakhulu futhi{0}}indawo esengozini yemoto, indawo yenjini idinga{1}}izixazululo zezintambo ezisebenza kahle kakhulu ezinokumelana nokushisa. Kule ndawo ewumgogodla,GXLnomaI-TXLizintambo-ezixhunyiwe ze-polyolefin kufanele zinikezwe kuqala ngokuphelele. Isakhiwo sawo esiphambanayo-esixhumene sinikeza ukuzinza okuphakeme kokushisa nokumelana nokuguga, ukuzivumelanisa kahle nemvelo eqinile-yezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuxhunywa kukagesi okuthembekile kanye{4}}nokuphepha kokusebenza kwesikhathi eside kwezingxenye zemoto.
Ihhanisi lezintambo zomzimba
Ngokucabangela kokubili ukubumbana nokuhlukahluka,I-TWPamakhebuli amancane-abiyelwe nge-thermoplastic agqama njengokukhetha okuhle kwezimo ezihlukahlukene zezintambo. Idizayini yayo encane{2}}yesakhiwo ebiyelwe ngodonga isindisa kakhulu isikhala sokufakwa, ingena kahle emigodini yemishini emincane futhi evalekile. Ngaleso sikhathi, impahla ye-thermoplastic iyinikeza ukuguquguquka okuhle kakhulu, okusebenzayo emikhakheni eminingi yezimboni neye-elekthronikhi, ihlangabezana kalula nezidingo zezintambo ezihlukene ngokusebenza okuthembekile nokusebenza okuzinzile.
Imojuli yomnyango/yophahla lwelanga
Ezimeni lapho okokusebenza kukagesi kanye nezinhlelo zisebenza ngokushintshashintsha njalo, izintambo ezixhunyiwe zingaphansi kokugotshwa okuphindaphindiwe, ukusonteka kanye nokucindezeleka komshini njalo, okubeka izidingo eziqinile ekuqineni kwazo kwesakhiwo kanye nokuguquguquka kokusebenza. Izintambo kuphela ezisebenza kahle kakhulu eziguquguqukayo ezingamelana nokugqokwa okunjalo okuqhubekayo ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukusebenza kukagesi noma ubuqotho besakhiwo. Ngakho-ke, izintambo ze-HTS zikhethiwe njengendlela ekhethwayo.
Iqala uhlelo
Uma kuziwa esimeni esibucayi sokudluliswa okuphezulu{{0}kwamanje kumasistimu kagesi ezimbonini, ezimotweni kanye nasolwandle, ukukhethwa kwezixazululo zezintambo kudinga ukuthotshelwa okuqinile kwamazinga ochwepheshe bomkhakha. Ngokukhethekile, amakhebuli ebhethri-asindayo aklanywe futhi akhiqizwa ngokugcwele ngokuhambisana nezinga le-SAE J1127 ayisinqumo esibalulekile. Izimiso eziqinile zaleli zinga ziqinisekisa ukuthi amandla angadluliswa ngendlela enokwethenjelwa, ngokuphepha nangokuzinza ngisho nangaphansi kwemithwalo yamanje ephezulu eqhubekayo.
Ikusasa Trend
Isidingo samakhebuli ezinhlelweni zikagesi wezimoto sikhula ngokuqhubekayo ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwezimoto zamandla amasha. IIzindinganiso ze-SAEingase ishintshe esikhathini esizayo ukuze ifake izidingo eziqine kakhulu zokuhambisana kwe-electromagnetic, amazinga okushisa aphakeme, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-eco-izinto ezinobungane. Imfihlo yokwandisa ukuncintisana komkhiqizo kubakhiqizi bezimoto nabaphakeli bezingxenye kuzoba ukubhekisisa amathrendi ajwayelekile nokwenza amalungiselelo obuchwepheshe kusenesikhathi.
Isibonelo esingcono kakhulu somqondo "wemininingwane enquma ukuphepha" embonini yezimoto ukuba khona kwezintambo zezimoto ze-SAE, eziguquke zisuka ocingweni olulodwa oluncane ukuya kusethi yezindinganiso ezibanzi. Ngokuzayo lapho simangala ngobuchwepheshe obuyindida obutholakala ezimotweni, masikhumbule le “migqa yokuphila” efihlwe ngaphakathi emzimbeni wemoto; wukusebenza kwabo okuthembekile okunikeza isiqinisekiso esiqinile kulo lonke uhambo.
